Introduction: A Brief Review of Methods of Studying Language Production
نویسندگان
چکیده
The properties of human nature that make talk possible have fascinated philosophers since the Enlightenment. For Descartes, animals and machines "could never use speech or other signs as we do when placing our thought on record for others" (1637, p. 116). "Magpies and parrots are able to utter words just like ourselves, and yet they cannot speak as we do, that is, so as to give evidence that they think of what they say" (p. 117); and a machine cannot arrange "its speech in various ways, in order to reply appropriately to everything that may be said in its presence, as even the lowest type of man can do" (p. 116). Thus literally thoughtful talk is incontestable evidence for a fundamental division between human beings and other sublunary creatures, namely, we have a rational soul, they d o not. The role of speech as the medium through which thoughts are conveyed to oneself and to others, and hence a vital component in man's nature as a social, as well as a rational, animal, was recognized by Locke (1700).
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